Bar and Rod
Plate and Sheet
Strip
Pipe and Tube
Wire
Welding
Powder Material
Cast Products
Forged Products
Fittings
Fastening
Round Bar:
φ2–500 mm, 1–6 m length
Flat/Square Bar:
4–100 mm thickness/width
Hex Bar:
A/F 3–100 mm
Hollow Bar:
OD 20–300 mm
Sheet:
0.3–6 mm thickness
Medium Plate:
6–25 mm thickness
Heavy Plate:
25–100 mm thickness
Standard Strip:
0.05–3 mm thick,
10–600 mm wide
Precision strip:
0.01–0.5 mm thick,
tight tolerance ±0.005 mm
Foil:
0.005–0.1 mm thick
Seamless Tube:
OD 6–450 mm,
WT 1–50 mm,
1–12 m length
Welded Tube:
OD 10–600 mm,
WT 1–20 mm
Capillary Tube:
OD 1–10 mm,
WT 0.1–2 mm
Wire Form:
Cold Drawn Wire,
Bright Wire,
Spring Wire,
Fine Wire,
Ultra-fine Wire
General Diameter:
φ0.1–10 mm
Coil Weight:
50–500 kg,
customizable tolerance
Solid Wire:
φ0.8–4.0 mm
Flux-cored Wire:
φ1.2–4.0 mm
Welding Rod:
φ2.0–5.0 mm
Powder Form:
AM 3D Printing Powder,
Spherical Powder,
Gas-atomized Powder,
Water-atomized Powder
Particle Size:
10–150 μm
Sphericity:
≥90% for AM grade
Cast Ingot:
φ200–800 mm
Precision Casting:
min wall 0.5 mm
Cast Pipe:
OD 100–600 mm,
WT 10–50 mm
Forged Bar:
Φ35–500 mm
Forged Ring:
OD 200–2000 mm
Forging Weight:
1–5000 kg
Fittings Form:
Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Flange, Cap, Outlet, Lap Joint
Size range:
1/2''–24'' (DN15–DN600)
Wall thickness:
Sch10–Sch160, STD, XS, XXS
Pressure Class:
150–2500 LB
Fastening Form:
Bolt, Nut, Screw, Stud, Washer, Pin, Rivet
Metric: M3–M64
Imperial: #4–2.5''
Length: 6–500 mm
1.4545 is a copper-bearing martensitic precipitation-hardening (PH) stainless steel. This datasheet presents the material within the Werkstoff-Nummer (DIN / EN) designation system.
With about 15% chromium, 5% nickel and 3% copper plus niobium, 1.4545 combines high strength and hardness with good corrosion resistance and excellent transverse toughness and ductility. It is a more ductile variant of the 17-4-type PH steel, with improved through-thickness properties from a controlled, low-ferrite microstructure. The alloy is martensitic in the solution-treated condition and is strengthened by a single low-temperature ageing treatment that precipitates a copper-rich phase, with the strength level set by the ageing temperature.
Typical applications include aerospace structural and engine components, turbine blades and shafts, valve and pump parts, fasteners and gears requiring high strength with moderate corrosion resistance.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.8 | g/cm³ |
| Melting range | 1400–1440 | °C |
| Elastic modulus | 196 | GPa |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (20–100 °C) | 10.8 | µm/m·°C |
| Thermal conductivity (20 °C) | 17.8 | W/m·K |
| Specific heat (20 °C) | 420 | J/kg·K |
| Structure | Martensitic (precipitation-hardening) | — |
| Element | Symbol | Min % | Max % | Role in Alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron | Fe | Balance | — | Base element |
| Chromium | Cr | 14.0 | 15.5 | Corrosion resistance; martensite former |
| Nickel | Ni | 3.5 | 5.5 | Toughness; martensite stability |
| Copper | Cu | 2.5 | 4.5 | Precipitation-hardening phase |
| Niobium | Nb | 0.15 | 0.45 | Carbide stabiliser; grain refinement |
| Manganese | Mn | — | 1.00 | Deoxidiser |
| Silicon | Si | — | 0.70 | Deoxidiser |
| Carbon | C | — | 0.07 | Strength; martensite hardness |
| Phosphorus | P | — | 0.040 | Residual impurity |
| Sulphur | S | — | 0.015 | Residual impurity |
Typical values by ageing (P) condition, per EN 10088-3 / SEW 470 for W.Nr. 1.4545.
| Condition | Tensile strength (Rm) | 0.2% proof (Rp0.2) | Hardness |
|---|---|---|---|
| P930 | 930–1100 MPa | ≥720 MPa | ~28 HRC |
| P1000 | 1000–1200 MPa | ≥800 MPa | ~32 HRC |
| P1070 | 1070–1270 MPa | ≥1000 MPa | ~35 HRC |
| P1310 | ≥1310 MPa | ≥1180 MPa | ~44 HRC |
Values per EN 10088-3; confirm against the inspection certificate (EN 10204). Elongation typically ≥10–16 % depending on condition.
| Environment | Performance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Atmospheric / general | Good | Superior to martensitic 400-series |
| Mild acids (acetic, nitric, dilute) | Good | At low concentrations |
| Chloride pitting | Moderate | Lower than austenitic grades |
| Stress-corrosion cracking | Improved at higher ageing | Over-aged conditions give best SCC resistance |
| Seawater | Limited | Not recommended for prolonged exposure |
Corrosion resistance is roughly comparable to 1.4301 in many environments; behaviour improves with higher (over-aged) ageing conditions.
A martensitic precipitation-hardening alloy; supplied solution-treated and hardened by a single low-temperature ageing treatment.
Solution Treatment Approximately 1040 °C followed by cooling to room temperature to form a martensitic structure.
Precipitation Hardening (Ageing) A single low-temperature ageing treatment precipitates a copper-rich phase. The temperature sets the strength level: lower ageing temperatures give maximum strength; higher temperatures progressively lower strength while increasing toughness and stress-corrosion-cracking resistance. Air cool after ageing.
Weldable by common fusion methods; matching filler is used. A post-weld solution treatment and ageing restores full properties.
| Welding Process | Applicability | Filler / Consumable |
|---|---|---|
| GTAW / TIG | Good | Matching 15-5-type filler |
| GMAW / MIG | Good | Matching filler |
| SMAW / stick | Good | Matching electrode |
Weld in the solution-treated or over-aged condition; re-age after welding to restore strength.
Machining Guidelines
| Parameter | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Preferred condition | Solution-treated or over-aged for best machinability |
| Tooling | Carbide tooling; rigid setup |
| Coolant | Ample flood coolant |
Forming Processes
| Process | Notes |
|---|---|
| Cold forming | Limited in hardened conditions; form solution-treated |
| Hot forming | ~1150–950 °C; solution treat + age afterward |
| Industry | Typical Components | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Aerospace | Structural fittings, engine parts, actuators | High strength + transverse toughness |
| Power generation | Turbine blades, shafts | Strength + moderate corrosion resistance |
| Oil & gas | Valve and pump components, shafts | Strength + corrosion resistance |
| General industrial | Fasteners, gears, high-strength parts | Hardness + machinability |
| Product Form | DIN / EN Standard | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Bar, rod and sections | EN 10088-3 · W.Nr. 1.4545 | X5CrNiCu15-5 |
| Forgings | EN 10250-3 · W.Nr. 1.4545 | — |
| Plate, sheet and strip | EN 10088-2 · W.Nr. 1.4545 | — |
| Technical delivery | SEW 470 | — |
Copper-bearing martensitic precipitation-hardening stainless steel. W.Nr. 1.4545 (X5CrNiCu15-5).
| W.Nr. | Cr % | Ni % | Cu % | Other | Best Used For |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.4545 | 14–15.5 | 3.5–5.5 | 2.5–4.5 | Nb | High-strength PH; transverse toughness |
| 1.4542 | 15–17.5 | 3–5 | 3–5 | Nb | General PH; high strength |
| 1.4534 | 12.25–13.25 | 7.5–8.5 | — | Mo, Al | Highest-toughness PH; aerospace |
| 1.4568 | 16–18 | 6.5–7.8 | — | Al | Semi-austenitic PH; springs |
| 1.4006 | 11.5–13.5 | — | — | — | Martensitic, lower strength |
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